DEMOGRAPHIC DYNAMICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY: EVALUATING METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS

Abstract

Demographic dynamics in the 21st century present complex challenges and opportunities that require interdisciplinary analysis. This paper evaluates methodological frameworks used in demographic studies, exploring how quantitative, qualitative, geospatial, and technological approaches provide insights into global population trends. Drawing on the Demographic Transition Theory (DTT), the study examines population shifts such as aging in Europe, rapid urbanization in Africa, and population decline in Japan, highlighting their economic, social, and policy implications. The paper critiques traditional demographic methodologies, emphasizing the need for big data analytics, AI-driven modeling, and GIS mapping to enhance demographic forecasting. Policy recommendations focus on strengthening population policies, improving urban planning, addressing aging crises, and leveraging technology for better demographic management. Ultimately, the study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to develop adaptive solutions for emerging demographic challenges.